17 Participants emphasized that resilience requires sustained investment, but the priorities will differ across markets depending on where vulnerabilities are greatest. The challenge is to invest ahead of disruption, direct capital toward the most critical gaps and create the conditions for resilience projects to attract funding at scale. 2.1 ENERGY VULNERABILITIES VARY BY REGION, REQUIRING TARGETED INVESTMENT STRATEGIES The ENACT analysis by S&P Global Energy assessed five dimensions of vulnerability: import exposure, chokepoint exposure, storage adequacy, supply concentration and grid resilience, as shown in Figure 9. FIGURE 9:Five metrics behind the energy vulnerability indexxxiv Analysis by S&P Global Energy © 2026 S&P Global