Respondents noted that while a loose regulatory landscape encourages rapid AI development, the lack of comprehensive policy could hinder long-term progress. This emphasizes the need for a regulatory environment that integrates policy and regulation across the value chain to ensure sustainable AI usage in the long term. This aligns with the survey participants' call for policy modernization and responsible AI governance frameworks to ensure AI use in critical energy systems is safe, transparent, and ethical. Looking at the survey data, 34% of respondents consider AI-energy regulation the most important policy action, followed by grid investment (27%), incentives for clean energy (25%), and digital skills programs (14%). This highlights how regulatory mismatches can stall AI projects and explains why some governments are taking steps to address these gaps through initiatives like regulatory sandboxes and data- transparency rules. The emphasis on grid investment and clean energy incentives also aligns with the broader need for a balanced regulatory approach that supports innovation while ensuring long- term sustainability. Together, these findings tell a compelling story about the necessity of a well-rounded regulatory framework to foster the growth of AI in the energy sector. They emphasize the need for a harmonious approach to AI ethics, responsible use policy, and environmental policy to create a environment conducive for AI development and energy transformation. 5 Supportive policies can help AI buildout Regulation can be both an enabler of, and barrier to, AI implementation across the sector. “ AI now offers pathways to smarter, more resilient infrastructure. This should act as a rallying call for conversations around AI for Energy that are anchored in collaboration and pragmatism – even as we continue to prioritise energy security, reliability, and affordability not only or AI, but for communities across the globe.” Tengku Muhammad Taufik President & Group CEO, Petronas 28