Metric Unit 2021 2022 2023 Air Emissions 1 Air emissions: nitrous oxides (NO X ) kilotonnes 78.3 84.7 86.4 Air emissions: sulfur oxides (SO X ) kilotonnes 151.5 264.2 373.1 Air emissions: non methane volatile organic compounds (VOCs) kilotonnes 92.8 108.8 111.0 Water 1 Total water withdrawn million m 3 5,146 5,137 5,037 Freshwater (municipal)2 million m 3 13.4 15.1 15.7 Ground water3 million m 3 150.6 176.4 207 Sea water million m 3 4,960 4,910 4,778 Produced water million m 3 22.2 34.8 36.6 % of freshwater withdrawn ratio of freshwater to total water withdrawn 0.26% 0.29% 0.31% Total water discharge (by destination) million m 3 5,038 5,038 4,926 Municipal sewage network million m 3 2.4 4.3 4.1 Sea million m 3 4,699.6 4,621.4 4,483.0 Deep wells million m 3 25.7 38.2 40.4 Land for irrigation million m 3 13.6 12.6 12.0 Reinjected water for reservoir management million m 3 296.9 361.0 386.0 Environment 113 Energy for Life