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The Tesla Team, The Bigger Picture on Autopilot Safety, Tesla Blog, 9 January 2024, available here (https://www.tesla. com/blog). European Commission, Proposal for a Regulation Laying Down Harmonised Rules on Artificial Intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act), COM(2021) 206 final, 21 April 2021, available here (https:// eur-lex.europa.eu). US Energy Information Administration, Electricity 2022, 2022. IEA, World Energy Outlook 2024, 2024. Ibid. Ibid. US Energy Information Administration, Electricity 2022, 2022. IEA, World Energy Outlook 2024, 2024. IEA, Global trends in internet traffic, data centres workloads and data centre energy use, 2010–2020, 4 November 2021. IEA, Electricity 2024, January 2024. ADNOC analysis based on data center electricity demand estimates data available in IEA’s Electricity 2024: Analysis and Forecast to 2026, World Energy Outlook 2024, and Goldman Sachs’, Generational Growth: AI/data centers’ global power surge and the Sustainability impact 2024. IEA, Electricity 2024: Analysis and Forecast to 2026, February 2, 2024. According to the IEA Electricity Report 2024, AI-related energy consumption in 2022 is estimated at approximately 5 TWh, and at around 73 TWh by 2026. The other data presented in the pie chart are either explicitly provided in the report or calculated based on these two AI energy consumption estimates. Luers et al., “Will AI accelerate or delay the race to net-zero emissions?”, Nature Comment, 22 April 2024. IEA, Electricity 2024, 2024. IEA, Electricity 2024, 2024. EPRI, Powering Intelligence: Analyzing Artificial Intelligence and Data Center Energy Consumption, 2024. American Electric Power, 2024 Q2 Quarterly Earnings Call, 2024. Reuters, Google partners with Nevada utility for geothermal to power data centers, 13 June 2024; NBC News, Amazon goes nuclear, plans to invest more than $500 million to develop small modular reactors, 16 October 2024. Lee, U.S. Data Center Power Outlook: Balancing competing power consumption needs, BCG LinkedIn Article, 28 June 2024, available here (https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/ us-data-center-power-outlook- balancing-competing-consumption- lee-iz4pe/; EPRI 2024). Based on analysis performed on findings presented in EPRI’s ‘Powering Intelligence 2024’ (30–58 GW based on 80% utilization) and BCG’s ‘U.S. Data Center Power Outlook 2024’ (60–90 GW). 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 Endnotes 68 – 134 106 Powering Possible 105